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Kentucky has long served as a trailblazer and trendsetter for the rest of the country in its use of risk assessment tools in the criminal justice system to determine issues like monetary bail, pretrial release, and sentencing.[1] Since 1976, Kentucky has utilized some type of risk assessment tool.[2] Modern risk assessment tools are an AI algorithm which analyzes various inputs, such as education level, employment, past convictions and prior sentences and provides a score, often in terms of “low risk” “moderate risk” or “high risk.”[3] Typically, it is up to the judge to decide whether to accept or reject the tool’s recommendation. In 2017 Kentucky began using the risk assessment algorithm to release criminal defendants that are considered “low risk,” without the involvement of a judge.[4] Prior to the PSA risk assessment tool, Kentucky utilized a few different forward-thinking algorithms.
In an opinion piece for the New York Times, the CEO of Palantir Technologies analogized the advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to the creation of nuclear weapons stating: “We have now arrived at a similar crossroad in the science of computing, a crossroad that connects engineering and ethics, where we will again have to choose whether to proceed with the development of a technology whose power and potential we do not yet fully apprehend.”[1]
Just under twelve years ago, the Supreme Court handed down a decision in Arizona v. United States[1] that would become the preeminent case on federal preemption of state law.[2] On March 18th, 2024, the Supreme Court entered an order that, on its face, seemed to virtually eviscerate Arizona without a written opinion of the Court.[3]
The goal to crack down on crime has stood as a foundational principle guiding the evolution of legal frameworks and societal norms across the world, and to effectuate this goal, states often pass new criminal laws. However, these new criminal laws are often met with criticism. Lawmakers in the Commonwealth have recently proposed a legislative package known as the “Safer Kentucky Act,” aiming to address crime and public safety in the state.[1] The legislation has moved to the Governor’s desk as it recently passed the House on March 28, 2024.[2] Led by Representatives Jason Nemes and Jared Bauman, the Act introduces a variety of measures including the reinstatement of Kentucky’s "Three Strikes Law," heightened penalties for substance-related offenses, mandatory sentencing provisions, and a ban on homeless behavior.[3] While advocates tout the Act as a crucial step towards enhancing safety within the Commonwealth, critics argue that its punitive approach may exacerbate existing issues within Kentucky’s justice system.[4]
Following the 2022 Supreme Court decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization in which the court held that the Constitution does not confer a right to abortion,[1] some states have enacted their own legislation regulating one’s ability to access abortion procedures. Recently, these controversial abortion laws have given rise to confusion surrounding regulation of the unborn as it relates to alternative fertilization procedures such as In Vitro Fertilization.[2]
In 2021 the Sixth Circuit became one of the first circuit courts to navigate the waters of free expression and gender identity with its keystone decision, Meriwether v. Hartop.[1] Here, the Court upheld the speech rights of a philosophy professor at Shawnee State University who was charged with misconduct after refusing to use the preferred pronouns of a student in his class.