Journal Description
Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials
is an international, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal, published semimonthly online by MDPI. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications, and short notes that are relevant to any field of study that involves nanomaterials, with respect to their science and application. The Spanish Carbon Group (GEC) is affiliated with Nanomaterials and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, CAPlus / SciFinder, Inspec, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Physics, Applied) / CiteScore - Q1 (General Chemical Engineering)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 13.6 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Companion journals for Nanomaterials include: Nanomanufacturing and Applied Nano.
Impact Factor:
5.3 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
5.4 (2022)
Latest Articles
Sulfonated Azocalix[4]arene-Modified Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets for Doxorubicin Removal from Serum
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 864; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100864 (registering DOI) - 16 May 2024
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most commonly used methods for treating cancer, but its side effects severely limit its application and impair treatment effectiveness. Removing off-target chemotherapy drugs from the serum promptly through adsorption is the most direct approach to minimize their side
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Chemotherapy is one of the most commonly used methods for treating cancer, but its side effects severely limit its application and impair treatment effectiveness. Removing off-target chemotherapy drugs from the serum promptly through adsorption is the most direct approach to minimize their side effects. In this study, we synthesized a series of adsorption materials to remove the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin by modifying MOF nanosheets with sulfonated azocalix[4]arenes. The strong affinity of sulfonated azocalix[4]arenes for doxorubicin results in high adsorption strength (Langmuir adsorption constant = 2.45–5.73 L mg−1) and more complete removal of the drug. The extensive external surface area of the 2D nanosheets facilitates the exposure of a large number of accessible adsorption sites, which capture DOX molecules without internal diffusion, leading to a high adsorption rate (pseudo-second-order rate constant = 0.0058–0.0065 g mg−1 min−1). These adsorbents perform effectively in physiological environments and exhibit low cytotoxicity and good hemocompatibility. These features make them suitable for removing doxorubicin from serum during “drug capture” procedures. The optimal adsorbent can remove 91% of the clinical concentration of doxorubicin within 5 min.
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(This article belongs to the Section Nanocomposite Materials)
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Enhanced Field Emission and Low-Pressure Hydrogen Sensing Properties from Al–N-Co-Doped ZnO Nanorods
by
Youqing Tu, Weijin Qian, Mingliang Dong, Guitao Chen, Youlong Quan, Weijun Huang and Changkun Dong
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 863; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100863 (registering DOI) - 16 May 2024
Abstract
ZnO nanostructures show great potential in hydrogen sensing at atmospheric conditions for good gas adsorption abilities. However, there is less research on low-pressure hydrogen sensing performance due to its low concentration and in-homogeneous distributions under low-pressure environments. Here, we report the low-pressure hydrogen
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ZnO nanostructures show great potential in hydrogen sensing at atmospheric conditions for good gas adsorption abilities. However, there is less research on low-pressure hydrogen sensing performance due to its low concentration and in-homogeneous distributions under low-pressure environments. Here, we report the low-pressure hydrogen sensing by the construction of Al–N-co-doped ZnO nanorods based on the adsorption-induced field emission enhancement effect in the pressure range of 10−7 to 10−3 Pa. The investigation indicates that the Al–N-co-doped ZnO sample is the most sensitive to low-pressure hydrogen sensing among all ZnO samples, with the highest sensing current increase of 140% for 5 min emission. In addition, the increased amplitude of sensing current for the Al–N-co-doped ZnO sample could reach 75% at the pressure 7 × 10−3 Pa for 1 min emission. This work not only expands the hydrogen sensing applications to the co-doped ZnO nanomaterials, but also provides a promising approach to develop field emission cathodes with strong low-pressure hydrogen sensing effect.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Research Related to Nanomaterial Cold Cathode II)
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Open AccessArticle
Effect of Stabilized nZVI Nanoparticles on the Reduction and Immobilization of Cr in Contaminated Soil: Column Experiment and Transport Modeling
by
Hesham M. Ibrahim, Abdallah A. Al-Issa, Abdullah S. Al-Farraj, Abdulaziz G. Alghamdi and Ali M. Al-Turki
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 862; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100862 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
Batch and transport experiments were used to investigate the remediation of loamy sand soil contaminated with Cr(VI) using zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) stabilized by carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-nZVI). The effect of pH, ionic strength (IS), and flow rate on the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) were
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Batch and transport experiments were used to investigate the remediation of loamy sand soil contaminated with Cr(VI) using zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) stabilized by carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-nZVI). The effect of pH, ionic strength (IS), and flow rate on the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) were investigated under equilibrium (uniform transport) and non-equilibrium (two-site sorption) transport using the Hydrus-1D model. The overall removal efficiency ranged from 70 to over 90% based on the chemical characteristics of the CMC-nZVI suspension and the transport conditions. The concentration and pH of the CMC-nZVI suspension had the most significant effect on the removal efficiency and transport of Cr(VI) in the soil. The average removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was increased from 24.1 to 75.5% when the concentration of CMC-nZVI nanoparticles was increased from 10 to 250 mg L−1, mainly because of the increased total surface area at a larger particle concentration. Batch experiments showed that the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was much larger under acidic conditions. The average removal efficiency of Cr(VI) reached 90.1 and 60.5% at pH 5 and 7, respectively. The two-site sorption model described (r2 = 0.96–0.98) the transport of Cr(VI) in soil quite well as compared to the uniform transport model (r2 = 0.81–0.98). The average retardation of Cr(VI) was 3.51 and 1.61 at pH 5 and 7, respectively, indicating earlier arrival for the breakthrough curves and a shorter time to reach maximum relative concentration at lower pH. The methodology presented in this study, combining column experiment and modeling transport using the Hydrus-1D model, successfully assessed the removal of Cr(VI) from polluted soils, offering innovative, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly remediation methodologies.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Materials for Emerging Pollutant Removal and Environmental Remediation)
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Open AccessCommunication
Enhanced Copper Bonding Interfaces by Quenching to Form Wrinkled Surfaces
by
Tsan-Feng Lu, Yu-Ting Yen, Pei-Wen Wang, Yuan-Fu Cheng, Cheng-Hsiang Chen and YewChung Sermon Wu
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 861; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100861 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
For decades, Moore’s Law has been approaching its limits, posing a huge challenge for further downsizing to nanometer dimensions. A promising avenue to replace Moore’s Law lies in three-dimensional integrated circuits, where Cu–Cu bonding plays a critical role. However, the atomic diffusion rate
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For decades, Moore’s Law has been approaching its limits, posing a huge challenge for further downsizing to nanometer dimensions. A promising avenue to replace Moore’s Law lies in three-dimensional integrated circuits, where Cu–Cu bonding plays a critical role. However, the atomic diffusion rate is notably low at temperatures below 300 °C, resulting in a distinct weak bonding interface, which leads to reliability issues. In this study, a quenching treatment of the Cu film surface was investigated. During the quenching treatment, strain energy was induced due to the variation in thermal expansion coefficients between the Si substrate and the Cu film, resulting in a wrinkled surface morphology on the Cu film. Grain growth was observed at the Cu–Cu bonding interface following bonding at 300 °C for 2 and 4 h. Remarkably, these procedures effectively eliminated the bonding interface.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano Surface Engineering)
Open AccessArticle
Solvothermally Grown Oriented WO3 Nanoflakes for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceuticals in a Flow Reactor
by
Mirco Cescon, Claudia Stevanin, Matteo Ardit, Michele Orlandi, Annalisa Martucci, Tatiana Chenet, Luisa Pasti, Stefano Caramori and Vito Cristino
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 860; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100860 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
Contamination by pharmaceuticals adversely affects the quality of natural water, causing environmental and health concerns. In this study, target drugs (oxazepam, OZ, 17-α-ethinylestradiol, EE2, and drospirenone, DRO), which have been extensively detected in the effluents of WWTPs over the past decades, were selected.
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Contamination by pharmaceuticals adversely affects the quality of natural water, causing environmental and health concerns. In this study, target drugs (oxazepam, OZ, 17-α-ethinylestradiol, EE2, and drospirenone, DRO), which have been extensively detected in the effluents of WWTPs over the past decades, were selected. We report here a new photoactive system, operating under visible light, capable of degrading EE2, OZ and DRO in water. The photocatalytic system comprised glass spheres coated with nanostructured, solvothermally treated WO3 that improves the ease of handling of the photocatalyst and allows for the implementation of a continuous flow process. The photocatalytic system based on solvothermal WO3 shows much better results in terms of photocurrent generation and photocatalyst stability with respect to state-of-the-art WO3 nanoparticles. Results herein obtained demonstrate that the proposed flow system is a promising prototype for enhanced contaminant degradation exploiting advanced oxidation processes.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Water Remediation (2nd Edition))
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Open AccessArticle
One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalised rGO/AgNPs Hybrids as Pigments for Highly Conductive Printing Inks
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Vassiliki Belessi, Apostolos Koutsioukis, Dimitra Giasafaki, Theodora Philippakopoulou, Vassiliki Panagiotopoulou, Christina Mitzithra, Sotiria Kripotou, Georgios Manolis, Theodore Steriotis, Georgia Charalambopoulou and Vasilios Georgakilas
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 859; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100859 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
This work provides a method for the development of conductive water-based printing inks for gravure, flexography and screen-printing incorporating commercial resins that are already used in the printing industry. The development of the respective conductive materials/pigments is based on the simultaneous (in one
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This work provides a method for the development of conductive water-based printing inks for gravure, flexography and screen-printing incorporating commercial resins that are already used in the printing industry. The development of the respective conductive materials/pigments is based on the simultaneous (in one step) reduction of silver salts and graphene oxide in the presence of 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid that is used for the first time as the common in-situ reducing agent for these two reactions. The presence of aminophenylsulfonic derivatives is essential for the reduction procedure and in parallel leads to the enrichment of the graphene surface with aminophenylsulfonic groups that provide a high hydrophilicity to the final materials/pigments.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials-Based Functional Inks for Printing Applications)
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Open AccessReview
Nanostructured Flame-Retardant Layer-by-Layer Architectures for Cotton Fabrics: The Current State of the Art and Perspectives
by
Giulio Malucelli
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 858; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100858 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
Nowadays, nanotechnology represents a well-established approach, suitable for designing, producing, and applying materials to a broad range of advanced sectors. In this context, the use of well-suited “nano” approaches accounted for a big step forward in conferring optimized flame-retardant features to such a
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Nowadays, nanotechnology represents a well-established approach, suitable for designing, producing, and applying materials to a broad range of advanced sectors. In this context, the use of well-suited “nano” approaches accounted for a big step forward in conferring optimized flame-retardant features to such a cellulosic textile material as cotton, considering its high ease of flammability, yearly production, and extended use. Being a surface-localized phenomenon, the flammability of cotton can be quite simply and effectively controlled by tailoring its surface through the deposition of nano-objects, capable of slowing down the heat and mass transfer from and to the textile surroundings, which accounts for flame fueling and possibly interacting with the propagating radicals in the gas phase. In this context, the layer-by-layer (LbL) approach has definitively demonstrated its reliability and effectiveness in providing cotton with enhanced flame-retardant features, through the formation of fully inorganic or hybrid organic/inorganic nanostructured assemblies on the fabric surface. Therefore, the present work aims to summarize the current state of the art related to the use of nanostructured LbL architectures for cotton flame retardancy, offering an overview of the latest research outcomes that often highlight the multifunctional character of the deposited assemblies and discussing the current limitations and some perspectives.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Textiles)
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Innovative Material-Based Wearable Non-Invasive Electrochemical Sweat Sensors towards Biomedical Applications
by
Sheng Zhang, Zhaotao He, Wenjie Zhao, Chen Liu, Shulan Zhou, Oresegun Olakunle Ibrahim, Chunge Wang and Qianqian Wang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 857; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100857 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Sweat is an accessible biofluid that provides useful physiological information about the body’s biomolecular state and systemic health. Wearable sensors possess various advantageous features, such as lightweight design, wireless connectivity, and compatibility with human skin, that make them suitable for continuous monitoring. Wearable
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Sweat is an accessible biofluid that provides useful physiological information about the body’s biomolecular state and systemic health. Wearable sensors possess various advantageous features, such as lightweight design, wireless connectivity, and compatibility with human skin, that make them suitable for continuous monitoring. Wearable electrochemical sweat sensors can diagnose diseases and monitor health conditions by detecting biomedical signal changes in sweat. This paper discusses the state-of-the-art research in the field of wearable sweat sensors and the materials used in their construction. It covers biomarkers present in sweat, sensing modalities, techniques for sweat collection, and ways to power these sensors. Innovative materials are categorized into three subcategories: sweat collection, sweat detection, and self-powering. These include substrates for sensor fabrication, analyte detection electrodes, absorbent patches, microfluidic devices, and self-powered devices. This paper concludes by forecasting future research trends and prospects in material-based wearable non-invasive sweat sensors.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas-Sensing Properties of Nanostructured Materials)
Open AccessArticle
New Approach to Synthesizing Cathode PtCo/C Catalysts for Low-Temperature Fuel Cells
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Sergey Belenov, Dmitriy Mauer, Elizabeth Moguchikh, Anna Gavrilova, Alina Nevelskaya, Egor Beskopylny, Ilya Pankov, Aleksey Nikulin and Anastasia Alekseenko
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 856; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100856 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
The presented study is concerned with a new multi-step method to synthesize PtCo/C materials based on composite CoxOy/C that combines the advantages of different liquid-phase synthesis methods. Based on the results of studying the materials at each stage of
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The presented study is concerned with a new multi-step method to synthesize PtCo/C materials based on composite CoxOy/C that combines the advantages of different liquid-phase synthesis methods. Based on the results of studying the materials at each stage of synthesis with the TG, XRD, TEM, SEI, TXRF, CV and LSV methods, a detailed overview of the sequential changes in catalyst composition and structure at each stage of the synthesis is presented. The PtCo/C catalyst synthesized with the multi-step method is characterized by a uniform distribution of bimetallic nanoparticles of about 3 nm in size over the surface of the support, which result in its high ESA and ORR activity. The activity study for the synthesized PtCo/C catalyst in an MEA showed better current–voltage characteristics and a higher maximum specific power compared with an MEA based on a commercial Pt/C catalyst. Therefore, the results of the presented study demonstrate high prospects for the developed approach to the multi-step synthesis of PtM/C catalysts, which may enhance the characteristics of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion and Environmental Catalysis)
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Open AccessReview
Review of Detection Limits for Various Techniques for Bacterial Detection in Food Samples
by
Xinyi Zhao, Abhijnan Bhat, Christine O’Connor, James Curtin, Baljit Singh and Furong Tian
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 855; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100855 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses can be infectious and dangerous, and most of them are caused by bacteria. Some common food-related bacteria species exist widely in nature and pose a serious threat to both humans and animals; they can cause poisoning, diseases, disabilities and even death.
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Foodborne illnesses can be infectious and dangerous, and most of them are caused by bacteria. Some common food-related bacteria species exist widely in nature and pose a serious threat to both humans and animals; they can cause poisoning, diseases, disabilities and even death. Rapid, reliable and cost-effective methods for bacterial detection are of paramount importance in food safety and environmental monitoring. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) and electrochemical methods have been widely used in food safety and environmental monitoring. In this paper, the recent developments (2013–2023) covering PCR, LFIA and electrochemical methods for various bacterial species (Salmonella, Listeria, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli)), considering different food sample types, analytical performances and the reported limit of detection (LOD), are discussed. It was found that the bacteria species and food sample type contributed significantly to the analytical performance and LOD. Detection via LFIA has a higher average LOD (24 CFU/mL) than detection via electrochemical methods (12 CFU/mL) and PCR (6 CFU/mL). Salmonella and E. coli in the Pseudomonadota domain usually have low LODs. LODs are usually lower for detection in fish and eggs. Gold and iron nanoparticles were the most studied in the reported articles for LFIA, and average LODs were 26 CFU/mL and 12 CFU/mL, respectively. The electrochemical method revealed that the average LOD was highest for cyclic voltammetry (CV) at 18 CFU/mL, followed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at 12 CFU/mL and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at 8 CFU/mL. LOD usually decreases when the sample number increases until it remains unchanged. Exponential relations (R2 > 0.95) between LODs of Listeria in milk via LFIA and via the electrochemical method with sample numbers have been obtained. Finally, the review discusses challenges and future perspectives (including the role of nanomaterials/advanced materials) to improve analytical performance for bacterial detection.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Materials and Their Composites for Biosensing Applications—Volume II)
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Open AccessArticle
Optimisation Challenge for a Superconducting Adiabatic Neural Network That Implements XOR and OR Boolean Functions
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Dmitrii S. Pashin, Marina V. Bastrakova, Dmitrii A. Rybin, Igor. I. Soloviev, Nikolay V. Klenov and Andrey E. Schegolev
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 854; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100854 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
In this article, we consider designs of simple analog artificial neural networks based on adiabatic Josephson cells with a sigmoid activation function. A new approach based on the gradient descent method is developed to adjust the circuit parameters, allowing efficient signal transmission between
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In this article, we consider designs of simple analog artificial neural networks based on adiabatic Josephson cells with a sigmoid activation function. A new approach based on the gradient descent method is developed to adjust the circuit parameters, allowing efficient signal transmission between the network layers. The proposed solution is demonstrated on the example of a system that implements XOR and OR logical operations.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuromorphic Devices: Materials, Structures and Bionic Applications)
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Open AccessArticle
Synergetic Catalytic Effect between Ni and Co in Bimetallic Phosphide Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
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Xiaohan Wang, Han Tian, Libo Zhu, Shujing Li and Xiangzhi Cui
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100853 - 14 May 2024
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The application of electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for renewable energy conversion contributes to the ultimate goal of a zero-carbon emission society. Metal phosphides have been considered as promising HER catalysts in the alkaline environment, which, unfortunately, is still limited owing to the
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The application of electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for renewable energy conversion contributes to the ultimate goal of a zero-carbon emission society. Metal phosphides have been considered as promising HER catalysts in the alkaline environment, which, unfortunately, is still limited owing to the weak adsorption of H* and easy dissolution during operation. Herein, a bimetallic NiCoP-2/NF phosphide is constructed on nickel foam (NF), requiring rather low overpotentials of 150 mV and 169 mV to meet the current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm−2, respectively, and able to operate stably for 100 h without detectable activity decay. The excellent HER performance is obtained thanks to the synergetic catalytic effect between Ni and Co, among which Ni is introduced to enhance the intrinsic activity and Co increases the electrochemically active area. Meanwhile, the protection of the externally generated amorphous phosphorus oxide layer improves the stability of NiCoP/NF. An electrolyser using NiCoP-2/NF as both cathode and anode catalysts in an alkaline solution can produce hydrogen with low electric consumption (overpotential of 270 mV at 500 mA cm−2).
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Open AccessArticle
Synthesis of Controllable Superparamagnetic Nano Fe3O4 Based on Reduction Method for Colloidal Clusters of Magnetically Responsive Photonic Crystals
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Jun Chen, Mengdong Tu, Mengying Xu, Depeng Gong, Xi Li and Chaocan Zhang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 852; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100852 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
In this paper, we designed and investigated a reduction-based method to synthesize controllably monodisperse superparamagnetic nano Fe3O4 colloidal clusters for magnetically responsive photonic crystals. It was shown that the addition of ascorbic acid (VC) to the system could synthesize monodisperse
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In this paper, we designed and investigated a reduction-based method to synthesize controllably monodisperse superparamagnetic nano Fe3O4 colloidal clusters for magnetically responsive photonic crystals. It was shown that the addition of ascorbic acid (VC) to the system could synthesize monodisperse superparamagnetic nano Fe3O4 and avoided the generation of γ-Fe2O3 impurities, while the particle size and saturation magnetization intensity of nano Fe3O4 gradually decreased with the increase of VC dosage. Nano Fe3O4 could be rapidly assembled into photonic crystal dot matrix structures under a magnetic field, demonstrating tunability to various diffraction wavelengths. The nano Fe3O4 modified by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and silicon coated could be stably dispersed in a variety of organic solvents and thus diffracted different wavelengths under a magnetic field. This is expected to be applied in various scenarios in the field of optical color development.
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(This article belongs to the Collection Magnetic Nanostructured Materials: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Cutting-Edge Applications)
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Open AccessCommunication
AC Characteristics of van der Waals Bipolar Junction Transistors Using an MoS2/WSe2/MoS2 Heterostructure
by
Zezhang Yan, Ningsheng Xu and Shaozhi Deng
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 851; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100851 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Two-dimensional layered materials, characterized by their atomically thin thicknesses and surfaces that are free of dangling bonds, hold great promise for fabricating ultrathin, lightweight, and flexible bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). In this paper, a van der Waals (vdW) BJT was fabricated by vertically
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Two-dimensional layered materials, characterized by their atomically thin thicknesses and surfaces that are free of dangling bonds, hold great promise for fabricating ultrathin, lightweight, and flexible bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). In this paper, a van der Waals (vdW) BJT was fabricated by vertically stacking MoS2, WSe2, and MoS2 flakes in sequence. The AC characteristics of the vdW BJT were studied for the first time, in which a maximum common emitter voltage gain of around 3.5 was observed. By investigating the time domain characteristics of the device under various operating frequencies, the frequency response of the device was summarized, which experimentally proved that the MoS2/WSe2/MoS2 BJT has voltage amplification capability in the 0–200 Hz region. In addition, the phase response of the device was also investigated. A phase inversion was observed in the low-frequency range. As the operating frequency increases, the relative phase between the input and output signals gradually shifts until it is in phase at frequencies exceeding 2.3 kHz. This work demonstrates the signal amplification applications of the vdW BJTs for neuromorphic computing and wearable healthcare devices.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Layered Nanomaterials and Heterostructures for Electronics, Optoelectronics and Sensing)
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Open AccessArticle
Preparation and Application of Nano-Calcined Excavation Soil as Substitute for Cement
by
Li Ling, Jindong Yang, Wanqiong Yao, Feng Xing, Hongfang Sun and Yali Li
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 850; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100850 - 13 May 2024
Abstract
Rapid urbanization in many cities has produced massive amounts of problematic excavation soil. The direct disposal of untreated excavation soil often leads to significant land use and severe environmental concerns. A sustainable solution is to transform the soil waste into high-quality nano-calcined excavation
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Rapid urbanization in many cities has produced massive amounts of problematic excavation soil. The direct disposal of untreated excavation soil often leads to significant land use and severe environmental concerns. A sustainable solution is to transform the soil waste into high-quality nano-calcined excavation soil (NCES) for application as a substitute for cement in construction. However, research in this area is very limited. This study presents a systematic investigation of the nano-sized calcined soil materials from preparation to application in cementitious material. The influence of milling parameters, including the rotational speed, milling duration, ball diameter, and milling strategy, was investigated to produce NCES with various specific surface areas. The effect of NCES substitution (15 wt% of Portland cement) in cementitious materials was then examined for mechanical performance, hydration dynamics, hydration products, and microstructure. A cement mix with very fine NCES (specific surface area of 108.76 m2/g) showed a 29.7% enhancement in mechanical strength and refined pore structure while a cement mix with un-grounded calcined soil showed a mechanical loss in comparison to the Control specimen. Delayed and reduced heat release at an early age was observed in a cement paste mixed with NCES. The underlying mechanism was investigated. The results of this work will contribute to the high-quality application of excavation soil waste.
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(This article belongs to the Section Nanocomposite Materials)
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Open AccessArticle
Towards High-Performance Photo-Fenton Degradation of Organic Pollutants with Magnetite-Silver Composites: Synthesis, Catalytic Reactions and In Situ Insights
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Katia Nchimi Nono, Alexander Vahl and Huayna Terraschke
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 849; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100849 - 13 May 2024
Abstract
In this study, Fe3O4/Ag magnetite-silver (MSx) nanocomposites were investigated as catalysts for advanced oxidation processes by coupling the plasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles and the ferromagnetism of iron oxide species. A surfactant-free co-precipitation synthesis method yielded pure Fe3
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In this study, Fe3O4/Ag magnetite-silver (MSx) nanocomposites were investigated as catalysts for advanced oxidation processes by coupling the plasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles and the ferromagnetism of iron oxide species. A surfactant-free co-precipitation synthesis method yielded pure Fe3O4 magnetite and four types of MSx nanocomposites. Their characterisation included structural, compositional, morphological and optical analyses, revealing Fe3O4 magnetite and Ag silver phases with particle sizes ranging from 15 to 40 nm, increasing with the silver content. The heterostructures with silver reduced magnetite particle aggregation, as confirmed by dynamic light scattering. The UV–Vis spectra showed that the Fe:Ag ratio strongly influenced the absorbance, with a strong absorption band around 400 nm due to the silver phase. The oxidation kinetics of organic pollutants, monitored by in situ luminescence measurements using rhodamine B as a model system, demonstrated the higher performance of the developed catalysts with increasing Ag content. The specific surface area measurements highlighted the importance of active sites in the synergistic catalytic activity of Fe3O4/Ag nanocomposites in the photo-Fenton reaction. Finally, the straightforward fabrication of diverse Fe3O4/Ag heterostructures combining magnetism and plasmonic effects opens up promising possibilities for heterogeneous catalysis and environmental remediation.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion and Environmental Catalysis)
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Open AccessArticle
Ag-Incorporated Cr-Doped BaTiO3 Aerogel toward Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange
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Jun Wu, Gaofeng Shao, Xiaodong Wu, Sheng Cui and Xiaodong Shen
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 848; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100848 - 13 May 2024
Abstract
A novel Cr-doped BaTiO3 aerogel was successfully synthesized using a co-gelation technique that involves two metallic alkoxides and a supercritical drying method. This freshly prepared aerogel has a high specific surface area of over 100 m2/g and exhibits improved responsiveness
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A novel Cr-doped BaTiO3 aerogel was successfully synthesized using a co-gelation technique that involves two metallic alkoxides and a supercritical drying method. This freshly prepared aerogel has a high specific surface area of over 100 m2/g and exhibits improved responsiveness to the simulated sunlight spectrum. Methyl orange (MO) was chosen as the simulated pollutant, and the results reveal that the Cr-doped BaTiO3 aerogel, when modified with the noble metal silver (Ag), achieves a pollutant removal rate approximately 3.2 times higher than that of the commercially available P25, reaching up to 92% within 60 min. The excellent photocatalytic performance of the Ag-modified Cr-doped BaTiO3 aerogel can be primarily attributed to its extensive specific surface area and three-dimensional porous architecture. Furthermore, the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles effectively suppresses the recombination of photo-generated electrons and holes. Stability and reusability tests have confirmed the reliability of the Ag-modified Cr-doped BaTiO3 aerogel. Therefore, this material emerges as a highly promising candidate for the treatment of textile wastewater.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials in Aerogel Composites)
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Open AccessArticle
Preparations and Thermal Properties of PDMS-AlN-Al2O3 Composites through the Incorporation of Poly(Catechol-Amine)-Modified Boron Nitride Nanotubes
by
Arni Gesselle Pornea, Duy Khoe Dinh, Zahid Hanif, Numan Yanar, Ki-In Choi, Min Seok Kwak and Jaewoo Kim
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 847; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100847 - 13 May 2024
Abstract
As one of the emerging nanomaterials, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) provide promising opportunities for diverse applications due to their unique properties, such as high thermal conductivity, immense inertness, and high-temperature durability, while the instability of BNNTs due to their high surface induces agglomerates
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As one of the emerging nanomaterials, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) provide promising opportunities for diverse applications due to their unique properties, such as high thermal conductivity, immense inertness, and high-temperature durability, while the instability of BNNTs due to their high surface induces agglomerates susceptible to the loss of their advantages. Therefore, the proper functionalization of BNNTs is crucial to highlight their fundamental characteristics. Herein, a simplistic low-cost approach of BNNT surface modification through catechol-polyamine (CAPA) interfacial polymerization is postulated to improve its dispersibility on the polymeric matrix. The modified BNNT was assimilated as a filler additive with AlN/Al2O3 filling materials in a PDMS polymeric matrix to prepare a thermal interface material (TIM). The resulting composite exhibits a heightened isotropic thermal conductivity of 8.10 W/mK, which is a ~47.27% increase compared to pristine composite 5.50 W/mK, and this can be ascribed to the improved BNNT dispersion forming interconnected phonon pathways and the thermal interface resistance reduction due to its augmented compatibility with the polymeric matrix. Moreover, the fabricated composite manifests a fire resistance improvement of ~10% in LOI relative to the neat composite sample, which can be correlated to the thermal stability shift in the TGA and DTA data. An enhancement in thermal permanence is stipulated due to a melting point (Tm) shift of ∼38.5 °C upon the integration of BNNT-CAPA. This improvement can be associated with the good distribution and adhesion of BNNT-CAPA in the polymeric matrix, integrated with its inherent thermal stability, good charring capability, and free radical scavenging effect due to the presence of CAPA on its surface. This study offers new insights into BNNT utilization and its corresponding incorporation into the polymeric matrix, which provides a prospective direction in the preparation of multifunctional materials for electric devices.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermally Conductive Nanomaterials and Their Applications)
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Open AccessArticle
Production of PEGylated Vancomycin-Loaded Niosomes by a Continuous Supercritical CO2 Assisted Process
by
Lucia Baldino, Domenico Riccardi and Ernesto Reverchon
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 846; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100846 - 13 May 2024
Abstract
Niosomes are arousing significant interest thanks to their low cost, high biocompatibility, and negligible toxicity. In this work, a supercritical CO2-assisted process was performed at 100 bar and 40 °C to produce niosomes at different Span 80/Tween 80 weight ratios. The
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Niosomes are arousing significant interest thanks to their low cost, high biocompatibility, and negligible toxicity. In this work, a supercritical CO2-assisted process was performed at 100 bar and 40 °C to produce niosomes at different Span 80/Tween 80 weight ratios. The formulation of cholesterol and 80:20 Span 80/Tween 80 was selected to encapsulate vancomycin, used as a model active compound, to perform a drug release rate comparison between PEGylated and non-PEGylated niosomes. In both cases, nanometric vesicles were obtained, i.e., 214 ± 59 nm and 254 ± 73 nm for non-PEGylated and PEGylated niosomes, respectively, that were characterized by a high drug encapsulation efficiency (95% for non-PEGylated and 98% for PEGylated niosomes). However, only PEGylated niosomes were able to prolong the vancomycin release time up to 20-fold with respect to untreated drug powder, resulting in a powerful strategy to control the drug release rate.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanosomes in Precision Nanomedicine)
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Open AccessReview
Progress in Advanced Infrared Optoelectronic Sensors
by
Xiang Yu, Yun Ji, Xinyi Shen and Xiaoyun Le
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 845; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100845 - 12 May 2024
Abstract
Infrared optoelectronic sensors have attracted considerable research interest over the past few decades due to their wide-ranging applications in military, healthcare, environmental monitoring, industrial inspection, and human–computer interaction systems. A comprehensive understanding of infrared optoelectronic sensors is of great importance for achieving their
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Infrared optoelectronic sensors have attracted considerable research interest over the past few decades due to their wide-ranging applications in military, healthcare, environmental monitoring, industrial inspection, and human–computer interaction systems. A comprehensive understanding of infrared optoelectronic sensors is of great importance for achieving their future optimization. This paper comprehensively reviews the recent advancements in infrared optoelectronic sensors. Firstly, their working mechanisms are elucidated. Then, the key metrics for evaluating an infrared optoelectronic sensor are introduced. Subsequently, an overview of promising materials and nanostructures for high-performance infrared optoelectronic sensors, along with the performances of state-of-the-art devices, is presented. Finally, the challenges facing infrared optoelectronic sensors are posed, and some perspectives for the optimization of infrared optoelectronic sensors are discussed, thereby paving the way for the development of future infrared optoelectronic sensors.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Composites, Nanophotonics and Metamaterials)
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